Fluoride has a high affinity for developing enamel which can lead to:

• widening gaps in tooth structure
• pitting of the enamel resulting in decreased protection
• increased incidences of plaque, dental caries, and fractures in teeth​

Individuals affected by fluorosis can be identified by teeth looking dull due to white or sometimes yellow spots. These spots may increase in discoloration changing from yellow to brown. Staining is generally found as horizontal streaks and time of exposure can be traced based on the streaks' vertical position.​

Teeth affected by fluorosis cannot be reversed, only masked in cases where damage is limited to staining.

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