Dept. of Chemistry phone: (434) 243-2132
Positions and Employment
Professor (tenured), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 2016-present
Associate Professor (tenured), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 2011-2016
Research interests:
Education
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) 7/2018-5/2022 $350K/year, $1,396,830 total
“Tunable Carbon Electrodes for in vivo Neurotransmitter Detection” R01EB026497Role: PI
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, 7/2009-5/2021, $1,818,346“Real-time measurements of neurotransmission in Drosophila melanogaster” 1R01MH085159
Role: PI
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Nanoscale Materials User Facility CNMS2012-070, CNMS2014-083, CNMS2016-022, 2019-034
“Carbon Nanomaterial Microelectrodes for Neurotransmitter Sensing”
While there is no money associated with this proposal, we receive 20 days of access to their nanoscale materials user facility.
Role: PI
Completed Funding
Virginia Dept. of Education, Math Science Partnership Program,
“VISTA ELIS at UVa” (3/1/2015-2/28/2018)
Role: Co-PI PI: Maeng (Curry School), Co-PIs Venton and Murphy (Astronomy)
$152,000 (Year 1), $303,000 (Year 2-3)
6 days summer salary year 1, 9 days summer salary year 2-3 for Venton
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, 5/2012-4/2017, $1,657,166
“Mechanism and function of transient adenosine signaling in the brain” 1R01NS076875
Role: PI
“Carbon nanotube fiber and yarn microelectrodes for high temporal resolution measurements of dopamine” 1R21DA037584-01
Role: PI
Dreyfus Foundation, Grant in Chemical Sciences, 1/2014-12/2015, $20,000
“Expanding Inquiry-based Chemistry Education at the Elementary School Level”
Role: PI
Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, Dreyfus Foundation, 5/2010-6/2016, $75,000
“Tiny sensors for tiny organisms: measuring neurotransmitter dynamics in the fruit fly brain”
Role: PI
National Science Foundation, 2/2007-1/2013, $550,000
“CAREER: Carbon nanotube modified microelectrodes for insect neurotransmitter detection”
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 8/2007-7/2009, $397,313
R21: “An electrochemical adenosine sensor for in vivo applications”
Eli Lilly Young Investigator Award, 10/2007-10/2010, $100,000
American Heart Association, 7/2007-6/2009, $132,000
“Mechanisms of adenosine formation during ischemia”
Distinguished Young Investigator Award, Fund for Excellence in Science and Technology, University of Virginia, 7/2006-6/2007, $50,000
“Monitoring fast neurochemical changes using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection”
Jeffress Memorial Trust, 1/2006–12/2006, $25,000
“Development of an electrochemical adenosine sensor”
Awards and Fellowships
Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry (SEAC) Young Investigator Award 2011
Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar 2010
American Chemical Society PROGRESS/Dreyfus Foundation Lectureship 2008
Eli Lilly Young Analytical Investigator Award 2007
Meade Endowment Honored Faculty 2007-2008
National Science Foundation CAREER award 2007-2012
NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship 2003-2005
• NIDA Institutional Training Grant
Charles N. Reilley Award 2002
• Presented by Pharmacia to the most outstanding analytical graduate student
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 1998-2001
Professional Service
News and Features Advisory Board, Analytical Chemistry 2014-2017
C&EN News Advisory Board 2014-2017
ACS award juror 2014-2017
Standing member, EBIT study section, NIH 2011-2017
Board of Directors, International Society for Monitoring Molecules In Vivo 2013-2017
President Elect, International Society for Monitoring Molecules in Vivo 2018-2020
Board of Directors, SEAC 2012-2015
Organizer and presenter, Regional Gas chromatography workshops 2013-2014
NSF Chemistry review panel 2013
Member, CEBRA review panel, NIDA (NIH) 2013
Organizer, Pittcon symposium 2012-2013
Journal Advisory Board, The Analyst 2008-2015
NSF Review Panel 2008
Coordinator, Pittcon Networking Session for Young Faculty 2008
Refereed Publications
From work done at Virginia:
68.) M. Ganesana, E. Trikantzopoulos, Y. Mania, S.T. Lee, B.J. Venton. Development of a Novel Micro Biosensor for in vivo Monitoring of Glutamate Release in the Brain. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2019, in press. NIHMID: 1519867
67.) Q. Cao, P. Puthongkham, B.J. Venton. Review: New insights into optimizing chemical and 3D surface structures of carbon electrodes for neurotransmitter detection. Anal. Methods. 2019 in press. PMC6366673
66.) Y. Wang, B.J. Venton. Comparison of spontaneous and mechanically-stimulated adenosine release in mice. Neurochemistry International. 2018. 124:46-50. NIH MID 1003644
65.) M. Shin, Y. Wang, J.R. Borgus, and B.J. Venton. Electrochemistry at the Synapse. Annual Rev. Anal. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115434
64.) C. Yang, Q. Cao, P. Puthongkham, S.T. Lee, M. Ganesana, N.V. Lavrik, B.J. Venton. 3D-printed carbon electrodes for neurotransmitter detection. Angew. Chemie. 2018, 57, 14255-14259. PMC6334753
63.) M. Shin, B.J. Venton. Electrochemical measurements of acetylcholine-stimulated dopamine release in adult Drosophila melanogaster brains. Anal. Chem., 2018. 90(17), 10318-103. PMC6135655
62.) R.M.B. Dyer, B.J. Venton, J.L. Maeng. Expanding university student outreach: Professional development workshops for teachers led by graduate students. J. Chem. Ed. 2018. 95 (11), 1954–1959.
61.) A.G. Zestos, B.J. Venton. Carbon nanotube fiber microelectrodes for high temporal measurements of dopamine. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2018. 165 (12), G3071-G3073. PMC6121781
60.) M Ganesana, B.J. Venton. Early changes in transient adenosine during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2018. 13 (5), e0196932. PMC5969733
59.) P. Puthongkham, B.J. Venton. Carbon nanohorn-modified carbon fiber microelectrodes for dopamine detection. Electroanalysis. 2018. 30, 1073 – 1081. PMC6317378
58.) M. Shin, J.M. Copeland, B.J. Venton. Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for neurotransmitter measurements. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2018. 9, 1872-1883. PMC6093779
57.) P. Pyakurel, M. Shin, B.J. Venton. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated dopamine release in larval Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochemistry International. 2018. 114 (2018) 33-41. PMC5835409
56.) S.T. Lee and B.J. Venton. Regional variations of spontaneous, transient adenosine release in brain slices. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2018, 9, 505–513.
55.) C. Yang, B.J. Venton. High performance, low cost carbon nanotube yarn based 3D printed electrodes compatible with a conventional screen printed electrode system. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA): IEEE Xplore.2017. p. 100-105. PMC5589149
54.) C. Yang, Y. Wang, C.B. Jacobs, I. Ivanov, B.J. Venton. O2 plasma etching and antistatic gun surface modifications for CNT yarn microelectrode improve sensitivity and antifouling properties. Analytical Chemistry. 2017. 89 (10), 5605–5611. PMC5575992
53.) C. Yang, E. Trikantzopoulos, C.B. Jacobs, B.J. Venton. Evaluation of carbon nanotube fiber microelectrodes for neurotransmitter detection: Correlation of electrochemical performance and surface properties. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2017, 965, 1-8. PMC5380235.
52.) M.D. Nguyen, Y. Wang, M. Ganesana, B.J. Venton. Transient Adenosine Release Is Modulated by NMDA and GABAB Receptors. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2017, 8(2), 376–385. PMC5558448
51.) R.P. Borman, Y. Wang, M.D. Nguyen, M. Ganesana, S.T. Lee, B.J. Venton. Automated algorithm for detection of transient adenosine release. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2017, 8 (2), 386–393. PMC5312768
50.) M. Ganesana, S.T. Lee, Y. Wang, B.J. Venton. Analytical techniques in neuroscience: Recent advances in imaging, separation, and electrochemical methods. Analytical Chemistry.2017, 89(1), 314-341. PMC5260807
49.) E. Trikantzopoulos, C. Yang, M. Ganesana, Y. Wang, B.J. Venton. Novel carbon-fiber microelectrode batch fabrication using a 3D-printed mold and polyimide resin. Analyst. 2016,141, 5256-5260. PMC5019535.
48.) Y. Wang, B.J. Venton. Correlation of transient adenosine release and oxygen changes in the caudate‐putamen. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2017. 140 (1), 13–23. PMC5164875
47.) P. Pyakurel, E. Privman Champaloux, B.J. Venton. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) detection of endogenous octopamine in Drosophila melanogaster ventral nerve cord.ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2016 7 (8), 1112-1119. PMC4988909
46.) C. Yang, E. Trikantzopoulos, M.D. Nguyen, C.B. Jacobs, Y. Wang, M. Mahjouri-Samani, I.N. Ivanov, B.J. Venton. Laser Treated Carbon Nanotube Yarn Microelectrodes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in Vivo. ACS Sensors. 2016 1 (5), 508-515.
45.) M.E. Denno, E. Privman, R.P. Borman, D.C. Wolin, B.J. Venton. Quantification of Histamine and Carcinine in Drosophila melanogaster Tissues. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2016. 7 (3), 407–414. PMC4798850.
44.) C. Yang, C B. Jacobs, M. Ganesana, M.D. Nguyen, A.G. Zestos, I.N. Ivanov, A.A. Puretzky, C.M. Rouleau, D.B. Geohegan, B.J. Venton. Carbon nanotubes grown on metal microelectrodes for the detection of dopamine. Analytical Chemistry. 2016. 88 (1), 645-652. PMC4718531
43.) A.G. Zestos, C. Yang, C.B Jacobs, D.L. Hensley, and B.J. Venton. Carbon nanospikes grown on metal wires as microelectrode sensors for dopamine. Analyst. 2015, 140, 7283-7290.
42.) M.D. Nguyen, A.E. Ross, M. Ryals, S.T. Lee, B.J. Venton. Clearance of rapid adenosine release is regulated by nucleoside transporters and metabolism. Pharmacology Research and Perspectives. 2015 3(6), e00189. PMC4777247.
41.) E. Privman, B.J. Venton. Comparison of dopamine kinetics in the larval Drosophila ventral nerve cord and protocerebrum with improved optogenetic stimulation. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2015, 135, 695-704.
40.) C. Yang, M.E. Denno, P. Pyakurel, B.J. Venton. Recent trends in carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules: A review. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2015, 887, 17-37.
39.) N. Xiao and B.J. Venton. Characterization of dopamine releasable and reserve pools inDrosophila larvae using ATP/P2X2 mediated stimulation. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2015, 134, 445-454. PMC4496298.
38.) H.R. Rees, S.E. Anderson, E. Privman, H.H. Bau, B.J. Venton. Carbon nanopipette electrodes for dopamine detection in Drosophila. Analytical Chemistry. 2015 87 (7), 3849-55. PMC4400659.
37.) M.E. Denno, E. Privman, B.J. Venton. Analysis of neurotransmitter tissue content of Drosophila melanogaster in different life stages. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2015. 6 (1), 117-23. PMC4304510.
36.) M.D. Nguyen, B.J. Venton. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for the characterization of rapid adenosine release. Computational and Structural Biology Journal. 2015, 13, 47-54.
35.) A.E. Ross, B.J. Venton. Adenosine transiently modulates stimulated dopamine release in the caudate putamen via A1 receptors. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2015 132 (1) 51-60. PMC4270927.
34.) A.G. Zestos, C.B. Jacobs, E. Trikantzopoulos, B.J. Venton. Polyethyleneimine carbon nanotube fiber electrodes for enhanced detection of neurotransmitters. Analytical Chemistry. 2014. 86 (17), 8568-75. PMC415179333.) A.E. Ross, B.J. Venton. Sawhorse waveform voltammetry for the selective detection of adenosine, ATP, and hydrogen peroxide. Analytical Chemistry. 2014. 86 (15), 7486-7493.
32.) N.Xiao, E. Privman, B.J. Venton. Optogenetic control of serotonin and dopamine release inDrosophila larvae. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2014. 5(8), 666-673. PMC4140588
31.) C.B. Jacobs, I.N. Ivanov, M.D. Nguyen, A.G. Zestos, B.J. Venton. High temporal resolution measurements of dopamine with carbon nanotube yarn microelectrodes. Analytical Chemistry. 2014, 86 (12), 5721-5727. PMC4063327
30.) A.E. Ross, M.D. Nguyen, E. Privman, B.J. Venton. Mechanical stimulation evokes rapid increases in adenosine concentration in the prefrontal cortex, Journal of Neurochemistry. 2014. 130 (1), 50-60. PMC4065624
29.) M. Ngyuen, S.L. Lee, A.E. Ross, M. Ryals, V.I. Choudhry, B.J. Venton. Characterization of spontaneous, transient adenosine release in the caudate-putamen and prefrontal cortex. PLOS One. 2014. 9(1): e87165.
28.) T.L. Vickrey, N. Xiao, B.J. Venton. Kinetics of the dopamine transporter in Drosophila larva. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2013, 4, 832-837. PMC3656763
27.) H. Fang, M.L. Pajski, A.E. Ross, B.J. Venton. Quantitation of dopamine, serotonin and adenosine content in a tissue punch from a brain slice using capillary electrophoresis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection. Analytical Methods, 2013, 5, 2704-2711. PMC3686531.
26.) A.G. Zestos, M.D. Nguyen, B.L. Poe, C.B. Jacobs, and B.J. Venton. Epoxy insulated carbon fiber and carbon nanotube fiber microelectrodes. Sensors and Actuators B, 2013, 182, 652–658.
25.) M.L. Pajski and B.J. Venton. The Mechanism of Electrically Stimulated Adenosine Release Varies by Brain Region. Purinergic Signaling, 2013 9(2), 167-174. PMC3646118.
24.) K.M. Glanowska, B.J. Venton, S.M. Moenter. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) as a novel method for detection of real time gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release in mouse brain slices. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012. 32 (42), 14664-14669. PMC3492948
23.) N. Xiao and B.J. Venton. Rapid, sensitive detection of neurotransmitters at microelectrodes modified with self-assembled SWCNT forests. Analytical Chemistry, 2012, 84, 7816-7822 . PMC: 22823497.
22.) A.E. Ross and B.J. Venton. Nafion-CNT coated carbon-fiber microelectrodes for enhanced detection of adenosine. Analyst, 2012, 137 (13), 3045 – 3051. PMC:PMC3392196.
21.) T.L. Vickrey and B.J. Venton. Drosophila have functioning D2 autoreceptors. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 2011, 2, 723-729. PMC: 330532.
20.) M.J. Peairs, A.E. Ross, and B.J. Venton. Comparison of Nafion- and overoxidizedpolypyrrole-carbon nanotube electrodes for neurotransmitter detection. Analytical Methods, 2011, 3, 2379 - 2386.
19.) C.B. Jacobs, T.L. Vickrey, B.J. Venton. Functional groups modulate the sensitivity and electron transfer kinetics of neurochemicals at carbon nanotube modified microelectrodes. Analyst. 2011, 136, 3557 - 3565.
18.) H. Fang, T.L. Vickrey, and B.J. Venton. Analysis of biogenic amines in a single Drosophila larva brain by capillary electrophoresis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry detection. Analytical Chemistry. 2011, 83, 2258–2264. PMC3058613.
17.) M.L. Pajski, B.J. Venton. Adenosine release evoked by short electrical stimulations in striatal brain slices is primarily activity dependent. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2010, 1, 775-787. PMC3016054
16.) S. Cechova, A.M. Elsobky, B.J. Venton. Adenosine A1 receptors self-regulate adenosine release in the striatum: evidence of autoreceptor characteristics. Neuroscience. 2010, 171, 1006-1015. PMC2991493
15.) Y. Xu and B.J. Venton. Rapid determination of adenosine deaminase kinetics using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2010, 12, 10027-10032.
14.) C.B. Jacobs, M.J. Peairs, and B.J. Venton. Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2010, 662, 105-127.13.) X. Borue, B. Condron, B.J. Venton. Both synthesis and reuptake are critical for replenishing the releasable serotonin pool in Drosophila. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2010, 113, 188-199.
12.) Y. Xu and B.J. Venton. Microelectrode Sensing of Adenosine/Adenosine-5’-triphosphate with Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. Electroanalysis. 2010, 22, 1167-1174.
11.) T. L. Vickrey, B. Condron, B.J. Venton. Detection of endogenous dopamine changes in Drosophila using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Analytical Chemistry. 2009, 81, 9306–9313.
10.) G. Shambat, A. Deberardinis, P. Reinke, B.J. Venton, L. Pu, J. Bean, B. Chen, J. Tour. Addition Reaction and Characterization of Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)iridium(I) on Silicon(111) Surfaces. Applied Surface Science. 2009, 255, 8533-8538.
9.) S.E. Cooper and B.J. Venton. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for the detection of tyramine and octopamine. Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry 2009, 394, 329-336.
8.)X. Borue, S.E. Cooper, J. Hirsh, B. Condron, B.J. Venton. Quantitative evaluation of serotonin release and reuptake in Drosophila. Journal Neuroscience Methods. 2009, 179, 300-308. NIHMSID # 112632
7.) M.L. Huffman and B.J. Venton. Carbon fiber microelectrodes for in vivo applications. Analyst, 2009, 134, 18-24. NIHMS#110526 Pubmed i.d.# 19082168
6.) M.L. Huffman and B.J. Venton. Electrochemical properties of different carbon-fiber microelectrodes using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Electroanalysis. 2008, 20, 2422-2428.
5.) C. B. Jacobs, T.L. Vickrey, and B.J. Venton. Measuring chemical events in neurotransmission. Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology, 2009, 3, 319-330.
4.) A.M. Strand and B.J. Venton. Flame etching enhances the sensitivity of carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Analytical Chemistry, 2008, 80, 3708–3715.
3.) S. Cechova and B.J. Venton. Transient adenosine efflux in the rat caudate-putamen. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2008, 105, 1253-1263.
2.) B.E. Kumara Swamy and B.J. Venton. Carbon nanotube-modified microelectrodes for simultaneous detection of dopamine and serotonin in vivo. Analyst, 2007, 132, 876-894.
* This article was highlighted in Chemical Technology, 2007, 4, T66.
1.) B.E. Kumara Swamy and B.J. Venton. Subsecond detection of physiological adenosine concentrations using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Analytical Chemistry, 2007, 79, 744-750.
Work Previous to Virginia: (Note: published under both Venton and Trafton.)
16.) B.M. Kile, T.S. Guillot, B.J. Venton, W.C. Wetsel, G.J. Augustine, R.M. Wightman. Synapsins Differentially Control Dopamine and Serotonin Release. Journal of Neuroscience,2010, 30, 9762-9770. PMCID: PMC2923550
15.) B.J. Venton and R.M. Wightman. Pharmacologically induced, subsecond dopamine transients in the caudate-putamen of the anesthetized rat. Synapse, 2007, 61, 37-39.
14.) B.J. Venton, R.T. Kennedy, T.E. Robinson, S. Maren. Dynamic increases in glutamate and GABA in the basolateral amygdala during acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. European Journal of Neuroscience, 2006, 12, 3391-3398.
13.) B.J. Venton, P.E.M. Phillips, W.C. Wetsel, D. Gitler, G. Augustine, P. Greengard, R.M. Wightman. Cocaine increases dopamine release by mobilization of a synapsin-dependent reserve pool. Journal of Neuroscience, 2006, 26, 3206-3209.
12.) D. Gitler, J. Feng, Y. Takagishi, V.M. Pogorelov, R.M. Rodriguiz; B.J. Venton, P.E.M. Phillips, Y. Ren, H.-T. Kao, R.M. Wightman, P. Greengard, P, W.C. Wetsel, G.J. Augustine. Synaptic vesicle trafficking and drug addiction in synapsin triple knockout mice. Cell Biology of Addiction,2006, 341-359.
11.) C.J. Watson, B.J. Venton, R.T. Kennedy. In vivo measurements of neurotransmitters by microdialysis sampling. Analytical Chemistry, 2006, 78, 1391-1399.
10.) B.J. Venton, T.E. Robinson, R.T. Kennedy. Transient changes in nucleus accumbens amino acid concentrations correlate with individual responsivity to the predator fox odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline. Journal of Neurochemistry 2006, 96, 236-246.
9.) B.J. Venton, H. Zhang, P.A. Garris, D. Sulzer, P.E.M. Phillips, R.M. Wightman. Real-time decoding of dopamine neurotransmission in the caudate-putamen during tonic and phasic firing. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2003, 87, 1284-1295.
8.) B.J. Venton and R.M. Wightman. Psychoanalytical electrochemistry: dopamine and behavior. Analytical Chemistry, 2003, 75, 414A-421A.
7.) D.L. Robinson, B.J. Venton, M.L. Heien, R.M. Wightman. Detecting subsecond dopamine release with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in vivo. Clinical Chemistry, 2003, 49, 1763-1773.
6.) P.A. Garris, E.A. Budygin, P.E.M. Phillips, B.J. Venton, D.L. Robinson, B.P. Bergstrom, G.V. Rebec, R.M. Wightman. A role for presynaptic mechanisms in the actions of nomifensine and haloperidol. Neuroscience, 2003, 118, 819-829.
5.) B.J. Venton, D.J. Michael, R.M. Wightman. Correlation of local changes in extracellular oxygen and pH that accompany dopaminergic terminal activity in the rat caudate-putamen. Journal of Neurochemistry, 2003, 84, 373-381.
4.) K.P. Troyer, M.L. Heien, B.J. Venton, R.M. Wightman. Neurochemistry and electroanalytical probes. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2002, 6, 696-703.
3.) B.J. Venton, K.P. Troyer, R.M. Wightman. Response times of carbon fiber microelectrodes to dynamic changes in catecholamine concentration. Analytical Chemistry, 2002, 74, 539-546.
2.) D.L. Robinson, P.E.M. Phillips, E.A. Boudygin, B.J. Trafton, P.A. Garris, R.M. Wightman. Sub-second changes in accumbal dopamine during sexual behavior in male rats. NeuroReport,2001, 12, 2549-2552.
1.) B.D. Bath, D.J. Michael, B.J. Trafton, J.D. Joseph, P.L. Runnels, R.M. Wightman. Subsecond adsorption of dopamine at carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Analytical Chemistry, 2000,72, 5994-6002.
Book Chapters
M.G. Roper, C. Guillo, and B.J. Venton. High speed electrophoretic separations. In “Handbook of Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis and Associated Microtechniques” CRC Press: New York. J.P. Landers, editor, 2008.