With this provocative book, Cassam aims to reorient the philosophical study of self-knowledge so as to bring its methodology and subject matter into line with recognizably human concerns. He pursues this reorientation on two fronts. He proposes replacing what he sees as the field’s standard subject, an ideally rational being he calls Homo Philosophicus, with a realistic version of Homo Sapiens. And he proposes shifting the field’s primary focus from “narrow epistemological concerns” to issues reflecting “what matters to humans”, such as knowledge of one’s own character and the moral significance of self-knowledge. Cassam also contributes to this field, advancing his own accounts of self-knowledge’s epistemology and value. A particular virtue of the book is its unwavering insistence that philosophical views about self-knowledge must be judged by their fidelity to what self-knowledge actually is, namely, an untidy phenomenon in the lives of cognitively limited creatures. Cassam’s realist outlook is sensible and refreshing, and his effort to bring philosophical attention to neglected issues about self-knowledge is commendable. But I have reservations about the book’s framing conceits: that taking seriously how humans actually think amounts to a “radical reorientation of the philosophy of self-knowledge”, and that the choice to focus one’s theorizing about self-knowledge on epistemological issues is indefensible.